I'm having the same issue...my Desktop PC with Windows 10 21H2 – OS build 19044.2604 -- the Mail app is fine, but the Calendar apps starts to open and immediately closes. Meanwhile, my laptop is running Window 11 22H2 – OS Build 22621.1265 and both Mail and Calendar apps work fine.
Both computers are running Mail version 16005.14326.21358.0 -- can't tell the calendar version on my desktop because it won't start.
I ran about 10 troubleshooting steps, multiple reboots, plus shutdown/starts...no luck. Reset and deleted my data for Mail/Calendar and logged back in, but nothing.
One thing I noticed is on my desktop, I can no longer add html or images to the signature setting (used to until this AM)...laptop is fine though.